Economic
⚫Box office shows cinema attendance
⚫Production budgets over $100mil+ are more likely to be CGI based
⚫Marketing budget spending is increased, meaning there is more hype. JAWS did this through FEAR as well as the presold audience of the book. The poster is iconic and people wanted to go just to be part of the event.
⚫In 1970s and 1980s there was a recession, people had less income to spend on cinema
⚫Film studios started building multiplexes, to show their films, outlets to show their films. People going to these cinemas could only see the blockbusters. This effects the exhibition as people wanted to see the blockbusters, so they show them. These put fleapits out of business. The fleapits are now niche cinemas, show indie films. These multiplex cinemas are put in shopping centres to become part of leisure activity. These film studios only let their films be exhibited in their multiplexes, as they want the profit, affecting the distribution of their film. Trailers are shown to promote the studios other films for free, thus making them gain more money.
⚫Merchandising from the movie (e.g: Star Wars making $20bil on Merch since 1977)
Technology
⚫VHS was the first way that people could watch films at home, meaning that there was a decline in cinema
⚫Event movies drew people back into the cinema, showing that films are better as am experience, however, can work other way if other people are a distraction.
⚫People may find comfort in sitting at home watching films, rather than spending more money to see it in the cinema
Social:
⚫Peak of attendances was after wars, this was for distraction from war. They showed war films as propaganda, raising morale. This was also due to the Pathe news reels shown in cinemas
⚫2011 caused a raise in the attendances as 3D was introduced to cinema. People will go to cinema to see a film in 3D for the experience. This counteracts Piracy, as well as people paying more for tickets. The 80s did that for JAWS, to counteract VHS viewing. This is a parallel to cinema now
JAWS and Star Wars did well, so they made more of them. Creating the blockbuster formula. This effects the production of films, movie studios will commission films like JAWS and Star Wars.
These caused the rise of the blockbuster.
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The rise of the blockbuster
The films in the 70s were based on their times, hard edge. Vietnam was a big topic.
This was the era of independence also known as New Hollywood. However, Star wars follows stock character roles Pirate, Princess, Farmboy/Knight, despite being futuristic based. Star Wars being a big success shows that the audience in the 70s wanted something that wasn't hard filmmaking, wasn't distressing to watch, but was fun and fresh. Star Wars did this.
The audience has gone to this film several times, meaning it was beyond an audience, it was a fanbase. This means merchandising existed and sold well. Sold $20bil worth of merch since 1977. Showing that it is more than just a movie.
JAWS, being made between Godfather and Star Wars, was the transition from New Hollywood to blockbusters. It stayed in cinemas for 6 weeks, spending loads on advertising to generate hype.
VHS was the first time that you could watch movies at home, which declined the cinema. ET was the biggest selling VHS video of all time.
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1985, at the end of the rise of the multiplex, Milton Keynes got a multiplex cinema, the first in the UK. This was after it was trialed in America successfully.
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Steps of filmmaking:
1) Production (Pitch and Financing)
2) Distribution (getting the film out there)
3) Marketing (advertising)
4) Exhibition (showing the film)
Production:
⚫Test screening - Affects production
⚫Film lab
⚫VFX Studio
⚫Legal
⚫Producer/Writer
⚫Artists & Designers
Distribution:
⚫Marketing
⚫YouTube trailers
⚫Web distribution
⚫Cable/Satellite viewing
⚫DVD Retailer
⚫Merchandising
⚫Distributor
⚫Film sub service
Exhibition:
⚫Test screening - is a screening of the film, not final
⚫Web distribution - a showing of the film online
⚫DVD Retailer
⚫Film sub service
⚫Multiplex cinema
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